熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)電解(jie)爐(lu)手(shou)動(dong)(dong)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)注意事(shi)項有(you)(you)哪些 　　熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)電解(jie)爐(lu)所工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原理(li)是(shi)在(zai)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)進行(xing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬與合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉的(de)(de)特(te)(te)種熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉技(ji)術。主(zhu)要包括真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)感應(ying)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉、真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)電弧重熔(rong)(rong)(rong)和電子(zi)束熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉。隨(sui)著(zhu)現代科學技(ji)術的(de)(de)飛躍發展(zhan)(zhan)，特(te)(te)別是(shi)伴隨(sui)著(zhu)宇航(hang)、海洋開發、能(neng)源開發及(ji)(ji)電子(zi)工(gong)(gong)業的(de)(de)迅速(su)進展(zhan)(zhan)，對金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬材料(liao)(***合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)及(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin))的(de)(de)品種、產(chan)量、尤其是(shi)質量提(ti)出(chu)了(le)越來(lai)越高的(de)(de)要求。 　　熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)電解(jie)爐(lu)主(zhu)要供大專院校、科研單位及(ji)(ji)生產(chan)企業在(zai)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)或保護氣(qi)氛(fen)條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)對金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬材料(liao)(如不(bu)銹鋼(gang)、鎳(nie)基合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)、銅、合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)、鎳(nie)鈷合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)、稀土釹鐵錋等)的(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉處(chu)(chu)理(li)，也(ye)可進行(xing)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)精(jing)煉處(chu)(chu)理(li)及(ji)(ji)精(jing)密鑄造(zao)。 　　具體的(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)為熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)電解(jie)爐(lu)爐(lu)蓋打開方式為手(shou)動(dong)(dong)，真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉爐(lu)蓋上設有(you)(you)觀察(cha)孔(kong)及(ji)(ji)擋板，為便于(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)過程中添加(jia)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)元素，爐(lu)蓋上特(te)(te)設有(you)(you)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)加(jia)料(liao)器。爐(lu)體內有(you)(you)一感應(ying)線(xian)圈，通過手(shou)動(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)爐(lu)外手(shou)柄(bing)可輕松將坩堝內熔(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)澆入錠模(mo)，錠模(mo)可設計成水冷形式。坩堝上部設有(you)(you)一測溫裝置。真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統采用二級泵，即K-300油(you)擴散泵與2X-70機(ji)械(xie)泵，機(ji)械(xie)泵上設有(you)(you)電磁(ci)放氣(qi)閥(fa)(fa)避免停電后返油(you)。真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)組上設有(you)(you)放氣(qi)閥(fa)(fa)及(ji)(ji)充氣(qi)閥(fa)(fa)。 　　如果熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)電解(jie)爐(lu)門(men)關不(bu)緊，檢查門(men)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)葉是(shi)否(fou)松動(dong)(dong)，拉扣是(shi)否(fou)變形，門(men)口密封膠(jiao)條是(shi)否(fou)破損，門(men)板是(shi)否(fou)變形?風(feng)機(ji)有(you)(you)異(yi)響(xiang)，請仔細檢查是(shi)否(fou)有(you)(you)異(yi)物進入風(feng)機(ji)的(de)(de)風(feng)輪里(li)面，或固定電機(ji)馬達的(de)(de)螺絲是(shi)否(fou)松動(dong)(dong)。氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)閥(fa)(fa)無法動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)，首先檢查對應(ying)的(de)(de)電磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)是(shi)否(fou)能(neng)正(zheng)常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力是(shi)否(fou)達到工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)要求?如果氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)正(zheng)常，且電磁(ci)閥(fa)(fa)也(ye)良好，則肯(ken)定是(shi)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)閥(fa)(fa)本身壞了(le)，必須更換新的(de)(de)。

　　關(guan)于真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)燒(shao)(shao)結爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)(jian)介紹 　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)燒(shao)(shao)結爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)主要用(yong)(yong)于金屬陶(tao)瓷材(cai)(cai)(cai)料、復合(he)陶(tao)瓷材(cai)(cai)(cai)料、納米相材(cai)(cai)(cai)料，梯度功(gong)能材(cai)(cai)(cai)料，介孔(kong)(kong)納米熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電材(cai)(cai)(cai)料，高(gao)(gao)熔點材(cai)(cai)(cai)料及(ji)(ji)耐火材(cai)(cai)(cai)料等(deng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)快速、高(gao)(gao)品位(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)燒(shao)(shao)結。廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于硬質合(he)金、功(gong)能陶(tao)瓷、粉末冶金等(deng)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)、高(gao)(gao)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)條件(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)進(jin)行熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)燒(shao)(shao)結處理，也可(ke)在(zai)(zai)充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)保護(hu)情況下(xia)(xia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)形燒(shao)(shao)結。 　　下(xia)(xia)面(mian)介紹下(xia)(xia)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)： 　　爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)部分(fen)：爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)為(wei)立式爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)殼其(qi)內(nei)(nei)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)制成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)園筒外層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)碳鋼(gang)(gang)。兩層(ceng)(ceng)之間形成(cheng)(cheng)夾套可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)冷(leng)卻水(shui)將(jiang)傳到爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)殼上的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量帶走，使爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)壁溫(wen)度不超過60℃，其(qi)上下(xia)(xia)法(fa)蘭(lan)焊接為(wei)一個整體(ti)。中間開(kai)有(you)(you)紅外測(ce)溫(wen)孔(kong)(kong)(有(you)(you)保護(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)氛(fen)通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)口)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電偶測(ce)溫(wen)孔(kong)(kong)、抽(chou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)及(ji)(ji)觀察(cha)孔(kong)(kong)，鉑銠(lao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電偶有(you)(you)到溫(wen)自動(dong)退出裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，紅外測(ce)溫(wen)觀察(cha)孔(kong)(kong)有(you)(you)玻(bo)璃(li)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)吹(chui)防霧裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，操作人員使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)觀察(cha)孔(kong)(kong)設有(you)(you)擋板。 　　爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)上是(shi)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)蓋，它是(shi)有(you)(you)內(nei)(nei)外封(feng)頭(tou)(tou)和法(fa)蘭(lan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，中間水(shui)冷(leng)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)蓋吊(diao)在(zai)(zai)啟閉機(ji)(ji)構上，板動(dong)啟動(dong)機(ji)(ji)構上的(de)(de)手柄可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)燒(shao)(shao)結爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)蓋升啟10－15mm，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)蓋上有(you)(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)傳感器、排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)隔膜閥(fa)及(ji)(ji)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)蓋鎖(suo)緊(jin)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。 　　爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)底部分(fen)：它也是(shi)由內(nei)(nei)外封(feng)頭(tou)(tou)和法(fa)蘭(lan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，中間水(shui)冷(leng)，固定在(zai)(zai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)底部，有(you)(you)電極引(yin)入(ru)(ru)，下(xia)(xia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)隔膜閥(fa)等(deng)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，并裝(zhuang)可(ke)調節高(gao)(gao)度位(wei)移(yi)傳感器。 　　爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)架(jia)上有(you)(you)上梁、爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)架(jia)、底及(ji)(ji)立柱等(deng)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，作為(wei)上下(xia)(xia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)支(zhi)座。 　　爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)(nei)發(fa)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)元件(jian)(jian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)墨(mo)，保溫(wen)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料采(cai)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)墨(mo)氈及(ji)(ji)石(shi)墨(mo)筒為(wei)隔熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)屏，上、下(xia)(xia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)強(qiang)度石(shi)墨(mo)。 　　液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)電動(dong)輸入(ru)(ru)方(fang)式自動(dong)調節，配(pei)有(you)(you)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鎖(suo)及(ji)(ji)轉向閥(fa)等(deng)相關(guan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)、位(wei)移(yi)均采(cai)用(yong)(yong)數(shu)顯方(fang)式。 　　真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)燒(shao)(shao)結爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)系統采(cai)用(yong)(yong)2X-30機(ji)(ji)械(xie)泵(beng)(配(pei)電磁放氣(qi)(qi)(qi)閥(fa))及(ji)(ji)K-200油(you)擴(kuo)散泵(beng)，同時設有(you)(you)冷(leng)阱及(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)測(ce)量為(wei)復合(he)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)計。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)系統還配(pei)有(you)(you)放氣(qi)(qi)(qi)閥(fa)、充氣(qi)(qi)(qi)閥(fa)，真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)連(lian)接軟管(guan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)金屬軟管(guan)。