真空熔煉爐的維護和保養方法是哪些呢
真空熔煉爐是在抽(chou)真(zhen)空(kong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)中用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧直接加熱(re)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉金屬的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。爐(lu)(lu)(lu)內氣(qi)體(ti)稀薄,主(zhu)要靠被(bei)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)金屬的蒸氣(qi)發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧,為使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧穩定,一(yi)般供直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。按照熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉特(te)點(dian),分(fen)為金屬重(zhong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)和澆(jiao)鑄爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。按照熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉過程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)是否(fou)消(xiao)耗(hao)(熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化),分(fen)為自(zi)耗(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)和非(fei)自(zi)耗(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu),工(gong)業上應用(yong)的大(da)多(duo)數是自(zi)耗(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。真(zhen)空(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧爐(lu)(lu)(lu)用(yong)于(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉特(te)殊(shu)鋼、活潑的和難熔(rong)(rong)(rong)的金屬如鈦、鉬、鈮。
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電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)可以認為是弧(hu)阻(zu)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)。電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(弧(hu)阻(zu))穩定是爐(lu)(lu)子(zi)正(zheng)常生產的(de)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)條件。交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)爐(lu)(lu)通常采用工頻電(dian)(dian),為使電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)穩定,真(zhen)空熔煉爐(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)子(zi)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中要(yao)(yao)有適當的(de)感抗(kang),但是存在感抗(kang)會降(jiang)低功率因數和(he)電(dian)(dian)效率。降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)流頻率是發展交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)途徑。弧(hu)阻(zu)阻(zu)值相(xiang)當小(xiao),為獲得(de)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)熱(re)量,爐(lu)(lu)子(zi)需要(yao)(yao)相(xiang)當大的(de)工作電(dian)(dian)流,因此爐(lu)(lu)子(zi)短網的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)要(yao)(yao)盡量小(xiao),以免電(dian)(dian)路(lu)損耗過(guo)大。那要(yao)(yao)如何做(zuo)好維護和(he)保養呢?方法有二,如下:
1、按(an)照(zhao)PLC程序抽低真(zhen)空:緊閉真(zhen)空熔煉爐所有的(de)真(zhen)空閥(fa)門,啟動機械泵,待其(qi)運行正常后(hou)(大約1-2 min),打(da)開(kai)通向(xiang)爐體的(de)低真(zhen)空閥(fa)即上碟閥(fa),預先對爐體抽低真(zhen)空;
2、 按(an)照PLC程序(xu)抽高真(zhen)空:打開(kai)(kai)下碟閥,對擴(kuo)散泵(beng)進行(xing)抽氣,當真(zhen)空度達到15 Pa以(yi)下后,真(zhen)空熔煉爐系(xi)統自動開(kai)(kai)啟擴(kuo)散泵(beng)進行(xing)預熱(re),一般經過45 min左右擴(kuo)散泵(beng)開(kai)(kai)始其作用,就可(ke)以(yi)關(guan)閉上碟閥,同時開(kai)(kai)啟主阻擋閥待真(zhen)空度達到1.33×10Pa以(yi)上,才可(ke)以(yi)開(kai)(kai)啟加熱(re)按(an)鈕對樣品(pin)進行(xing)加熱(re)。
真(zhen)空甩帶爐保(bao)養可(ke)指導(dao)設(she)備(bei)操作員在(zai)職(zhi)責(ze)范圍內對設(she)備(bei)各點(dian)檢部(bu)位,用(yong)正確的(de)檢驗方法(fa)和工具依據(ju)點(dian)檢周期進(jin)行(xing)設(she)備(bei)的(de)日(ri)常(chang)保(bao)養;操作員需每(mei)日(ri)依據(ju)此保(bao)養說明(ming)書(shu)認(ren)真(zhen)填寫《熱處(chu)理設(she)備(bei)日(ri)常(chang)維(wei)護(hu)保(bao)養記錄》,并由班組長(chang)檢查復核,維(wei)修(xiu)員收集存檔(dang)。全套設(she)備(bei)按技術(shu)要求安裝(zhuang)完(wan)畢后,無缺(que)件并有良好的(de)接(jie)地時(shi),即(ji)可(ke)按下列(lie)項目進(jin)行(xing)調試與驗收。
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