真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)燒結爐(lu)(lu)使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)的(de)(de)注(zhu)意事(shi)項：　　1、由(you)于模具一(yi)般由(you)用(yong)(yong)戶自備，模具材料基本(ben)上(shang)(shang)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)高純石墨，其(qi)耐(nai)壓極限為40MPa，建(jian)議用(yong)(yong)戶使用(yong)(yong)在(zai)30MPa以(yi)下(xia)(xia)比較安(an)全，加壓前應(ying)(ying)計(ji)算(suan)模具上(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)沖頭的(de)(de)面積(ji)，再換(huan)(huan)算(suan)成壓力(li)，具體(ti)公式如下(xia)(xia)：　　系(xi)統允許加壓（噸）=上(shang)(shang)或下(xia)(xia)沖頭面積(ji)×30MPa　　2、熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)偶為鎢(wu)錸型，使用(yong)(yong)過會(hui)發脆，不(bu)能接觸。如損(sun)壞應(ying)(ying)及時(shi)更換(huan)(huan)。其(qi)型號是(shi)(shi)W2型。　　3、冬(dong)天(tian)應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意循(xun)環(huan)水的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)暖問題，否則易發生水管(guan)爆裂。　　4、使用(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)爐(lu)(lu)體(ti)應(ying)(ying)保(bao)(bao)持真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)，因爐(lu)(lu)內保(bao)(bao)溫層易受潮，保(bao)(bao)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)這樣下(xia)(xia)次抽真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)會(hui)快些。　　5、因設(she)備較復雜(za)，建(jian)議專(zhuan)人(ren)使用(yong)(yong)，專(zhuan)人(ren)負責，對(dui)新手(shou)嚴(yan)格實(shi)行(xing)用(yong)(yong)前培(pei)訓，用(yong)(yong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)檢查，操作(zuo)使用(yong)(yong)要有(you)記錄等設(she)備使用(yong)(yong)規定。　　6、本(ben)熱壓爐(lu)(lu)也可當作(zuo)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)燒結爐(lu)(lu)使用(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)于真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)燒結爐(lu)(lu)時(shi)注(zhu)意，在(zai)爐(lu)(lu)內放置坩堝后(hou)(hou)(hou)，在(zai)蓋(gai)(gai)上(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)溫屏蓋(gai)(gai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)不(bu)要忘記再蓋(gai)(gai)其(qi)中(zhong)間的(de)(de)小蓋(gai)(gai)。否則易燒損(sun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)。　　7、操作(zuo)前應(ying)(ying)做到(dao)清(qing)潔(jie)觀(guan)察(cha)(cha)窗玻璃(li)，清(qing)潔(jie)爐(lu)(lu)內壁，觀(guan)察(cha)(cha)水壓情況(kuang)，觀(guan)察(cha)(cha)爐(lu)(lu)內石墨是(shi)(shi)否有(you)損(sun)壞，上(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)觀(guan)察(cha)(cha)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)顯示是(shi)(shi)否正常，測試液壓系(xi)統能否正常工作(zuo)。　　8、電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)使用(yong)(yong)一(yi)年(nian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)應(ying)(ying)將儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)送(song)計(ji)量(liang)部(bu)門進(jin)行(xing)校對(dui)。

　　真(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)維護和(he)保(bao)養(yang)方(fang)法是哪些(xie)呢(ni) 　　真(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是在抽(chou)(chou)真(zhen)空(kong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)直(zhi)(zhi)接加熱(re)(re)熔(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)氣體(ti)(ti)稀薄，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)靠被熔(rong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的(de)(de)蒸氣發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，為(wei)(wei)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)穩(wen)定(ding)，一(yi)般(ban)供直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。按照熔(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)特(te)點，分為(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)重熔(rong)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)澆鑄(zhu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。按照熔(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)過(guo)程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極是否消耗(hao)(hao)(hao)(熔(rong)化)，分為(wei)(wei)自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)非自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，工(gong)業上(shang)應用(yong)的(de)(de)大多數(shu)是自(zi)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。真(zhen)空(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)用(yong)于熔(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)特(te)殊鋼、活(huo)潑的(de)(de)和(he)難熔(rong)的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)如(ru)鈦、鉬、鈮。 　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)可以認為(wei)(wei)是弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)阻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)阻)穩(wen)定(ding)是爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子(zi)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)條件。交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)工(gong)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，為(wei)(wei)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)穩(wen)定(ding)，真(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子(zi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)適當(dang)的(de)(de)感抗，但是存在感抗會降(jiang)低(di)(di)功率(lv)因(yin)數(shu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)。降(jiang)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流頻率(lv)是發展(zhan)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)途徑。弧(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)阻阻值相當(dang)小，為(wei)(wei)獲得必要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)量，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子(zi)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)相當(dang)大的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，因(yin)此爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)子(zi)短網(wang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻要(yao)(yao)(yao)盡量小，以免(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路損耗(hao)(hao)(hao)過(guo)大。那(nei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)如(ru)何做好維護和(he)保(bao)養(yang)呢(ni)？方(fang)法有(you)二，如(ru)下： 　　1、按照PLC程序(xu)抽(chou)(chou)低(di)(di)真(zhen)空(kong)：緊(jin)閉(bi)真(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)真(zhen)空(kong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)門(men)，啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動機械泵(beng)，待其運行正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)后(大約1-2min)，打開(kai)通向爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)低(di)(di)真(zhen)空(kong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)即上(shang)碟(die)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)，預先對爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)(ti)抽(chou)(chou)低(di)(di)真(zhen)空(kong); 　　2、按照PLC程序(xu)抽(chou)(chou)高真(zhen)空(kong)：打開(kai)下碟(die)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)，對擴散泵(beng)進(jin)行抽(chou)(chou)氣，當(dang)真(zhen)空(kong)度(du)達(da)(da)到(dao)15Pa以下后，真(zhen)空(kong)熔(rong)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)系統自(zi)動開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)擴散泵(beng)進(jin)行預熱(re)(re)，一(yi)般(ban)經過(guo)45min左右擴散泵(beng)開(kai)始其作(zuo)用(yong)，就可以關閉(bi)上(shang)碟(die)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)，同時開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)主阻擋閥(fa)(fa)(fa)待真(zhen)空(kong)度(du)達(da)(da)到(dao)1.33×10Pa以上(shang)，才可以開(kai)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)加熱(re)(re)按鈕對樣(yang)品進(jin)行加熱(re)(re)。